PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.